每当夜晚来临,不少人经常会面临一个纠结的选择:睡前饿了,是来一份夜宵还是饿着肚子睡觉?很多人为了减肥,甚至选择不吃晚饭,也有人选择“16+8”减肥法——只在上午9点到下午5点之间吃东西,晚上饿着。这些选择,哪个更健康?图源:视觉中国“睡前吃夜宵”真的不好吗?很多人认为睡前吃夜宵会长胖,事实上,吃夜宵本身不一定会导致肥胖。Many people believe that eating late-night snacks before bedtime leads to weight gain. However, there is no definitive correlation between the two.长胖是因为摄取的热量超过身体所需,多余的热量全都变成脂肪堆积到肚子、屁股、大腿上。因此,只要摄取的热量小于身体所需,就不会长胖。Weight gain occurs when calorie intake exceeds metabolic needs, leading to excess calories being stored as fat. To prevent weight gain, ensure calorie intake is below the body's requirements regardless of the time of day. metabolic /ˌmetəˈbɑːlɪk/:新陈代谢的图源:视觉中国对于减肥的人来说,往往刚开始减肥时会一下子吃得比较少,到了晚上难免会觉得很饿。这时,适当吃一点东西,再慢慢减少食量也未尝不可。相反,如果本身就吃得很饱,能量摄入很高,就算不吃夜宵,同样会长胖。再吃夜宵,只会更胖。当然,吃夜宵也不能毫无顾忌,因为它会增加我们的肠胃负担,引发大脑活跃导致失眠等。太晚吃夜宵还可能会导致其他疾病的发生,例如“夜食综合征”(night-eating syndrome)。夜食综合征患者往往早上没胃口,但一到晚上就会食欲旺盛,晚饭结束后的能量摄入占全天的50%以上,还经常起夜偷吃零食(每周超过3次,持续3个月以上)。他们的能量摄入远高于常人,肥胖发生率高。Patients with night-eating syndrome typically have reduced morning appetite but increased nighttime hunger. Over 50% of their daily energy intake is post-dinner, often involving nighttime snacking. Their calorie consumption surpasses the norm, contributing to heightened obesity rates.“饿肚子睡觉”会更健康吗?实际上,如果完全不吃晚饭,“饿肚子睡觉”也会对身体产生危害。人体每天所需能量和营养的总量是基本恒定的,不吃某一顿饭、其他时候也不多吃,肯定无法满足每日的需要。如果直接简单粗暴不吃晚饭,其他生活习惯照常不变,长此以往还会出现精神萎靡、体力不支、心情压抑、脸色暗淡等营养不良的表现。Skipping dinner can endanger health by disrupting the body's need for regular energy and nutrients. Missing this meal without adjusting intake elsewhere can lead to unmet daily nutritional requirements, potentially resulting in malnutrition symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, emotional strain, and lackluster skin. malnutrition /ˌmælnuˈtrɪʃ(ə)n/:营养不良 lackluster /ˈlæklʌstər/:无光泽的不吃晚饭对特殊疾患的影响更大,比如消化道有溃疡的患者,可能会导致溃疡加重;而一些需要三班倒、值夜班的人群,夜里不吃东西也无法获得持续顺利工作的能量来源。Moreover, it has a greater impact on those with health issues, such as worsening peptic ulcers. Shift workers or those on night shifts also suffer, lacking a steady energy source for performance. performance /pərˈfɔːrməns/:工作情况,表现一般来说,只有两种人可以不吃晚餐、“饿肚子睡觉”:晚餐前吃很多的人如果午饭吃了很多,或者下午吃了很多零食加餐,晚上又没有运动消耗,晚餐可以考虑不吃。想控制体重的人体重较高甚至达到“肥胖”线(BMI>28)的人群,需要适当控制饮食,限制能量摄入,可以在控制体重初期偶尔不吃晚餐。“16+8减肥法”是否健康?“16+8”减肥法是一种断食减肥法,与“轻断食”“5:2间歇性禁食”大同小异。如果严格坚持断食,减少了能量摄入,是能看到减肥效果的。但断食并不是值得推荐的方式,目前也没有权威的健康机构向人们推荐断食减肥。长期断食减肥,很容易出现副作用。由于碳水化合物供应不足,会带来强烈的饥饿感,导致精神不济,严重者会影响学习、工作甚至日常生活,还可能出现营养不良、头晕头痛、烦躁焦虑、白天犯困晚上失眠等问题,也很容易反弹。Long-term fasting for weight loss is prone to triggering severe side effects that can impact learning, work, and daily life. Another critical concern is the high likelihood of weight rebound following the cessation of fasting. be prone to:很可能表现出某种(通常是负面)特征如果平日大鱼大肉不善节制、身体肥胖、腰围太大、患有高血脂或脂肪肝的人群,可适当采用断食减肥的方法;平日吃得不多、肉蛋奶不足、怕凉怕冷、消化不良、营养不良的人群,万万不可断食减肥。长期而言,减肥的根本路径是控制总能量的收支平衡,并维持身体的活力。In the long run, the key to weight loss is striking a balance between energy intake and expenditure, while keeping the body energized. strike a balance between:在……之间达成平衡(以达到最佳效果);权衡利弊如何健康吃夜宵?从健康角度,我们要尽量做到规律地安排好一日三餐,不要不吃晚餐“饿肚子睡觉”,但也不能过量吃夜宵。如果想要吃夜宵,建议尽量做到:临睡前1至2小时吃夜宵临睡前不宜吃大量的食物,很容易影响睡眠,导致第二天精神差。建议在睡前1至2小时吃完夜宵。Avoid heavy meals before bed for better sleep and next-day alertness. Finish snacks 1-2 hours before sleeping.尽量选择清淡、健康的食物方便面、烧烤、炸鸡等都是高脂肪、高盐、高糖的食物,不适合作为夜宵。另外,夜宵也不适合吃辣椒、花椒之类令人兴奋刺激的调味品。建议优先选择谷物、豆类和奶类,这些食物蛋白质和脂肪含量低,消化吸收较为容易,不会给胃肠道增加负担。Skip fatty, salty, sugary foods like instant noodles, BBQ, and fried chicken. Also, avoid stimulating spices like chili and Sichuan peppercorn. Choose light snacks like grains, legumes, and dairy for easier digestion and a restful night.编辑:弓玥琪实习生:崔文彦来源:央视新闻
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